In this article the author proposes a new reading of Fichte’s Addresses to the German Nation (1808), by means of which he tries to give a new meaning to some of the key concepts of this work such as "Urvolk". This reading, which is as original as subversive, serves the author as starting point for a series of reflections on the spirit of the doctrine of science aimed at recovering the particular potential of Fichte’s philosophy, which is usually ignored in the traditional studies of this philosopher.