This chapter provides a brief introduction in the classic multistore models of memory and illustrates their importance for research on memory development. Next, major research trends since the mid-1970s are described, indicating that the emphasis changed over the years: Whereas research carried out in the laboratory with schoolchildren dominated the early period, applied aspects of research on memory development particularly focusing on younger children became more popular more recently. In a final section, the organization of the book is described in more detail.