This introductory chapter outlines the aims and scope of the study. In a nutshell, the study presents a sophisticated account of both philosophical complexity and post-structural philosophies of difference. By relating these two fields, an attempt is made to further our understanding of philosophical complexity and to offer an original characterisation of a number of post-structural philosophers as complex thinkers. A brief overview of the post-structural reading of philosophical complexity is also provided. This reading is contrasted with both scientific and critical realist understandings of complexity as these interpretations represent significant theoretical competitors to the post-structural interpretation. The complexity theorists, philosophers, and themes explored in this work are also introduced, and a short synopsis of the various chapters is provided in order to orientate the reader.