The early twentieth-century German debate over the thought psychology of the Würzburg School is mentioned in most standard textbooks on the history of psychology and in several studies on the historical roots of cognitive science. Not only is there general agreement amongst historians that this controversy was a key event in the history of experimental psychology; at least one prominent historian of "the cognitive revolution,' Howard Gardner, has even wondered whether the Würzburg School's work has ever been surpassed.¹